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This paper considers the ability of the concentrated loading method for measuring the basic low stress mechanical properties of heavy weight woven fabrics. Fifty‐three randomly selected woven fabrics were tested and the results show the ability of the method. It also introduces the parameters, which indicate the behavior of the woven fabrics.

Parachutes are equipment that is repeatedly used as and when needed. Some of them are used for as many as 60 jumps. The property of the canopy fabric gets deteriorated with use. It is evaluated by destructive tensile and bursting strength. This study aims to focus on the nondestructive evaluation of the canopy fabric's fitness by testing air permeability and relating it with bursting strength. Predictor equations were developed to determine bursting strength from air permeability values.

ANOVA techniques and statistical regression equations were formed.

A series of samples containing five parachutes fabrics was used seven times, and their air permeability and bursting strength were determined to find the extent to the effect of reuse of parachute fabrics on their bursting strength and air permeability determination. It was found that there was a progressive drop in bursting strength and an increase in air permeability. An investigation of the extent of determination in terms of bursting strength and an increase in air permeability following the sense of five different types of parachute fabrics is reported.

The work focuses on the prediction of bursting strength to textile materials only and may not apply to other materials like membranes and sheets. The process of determining air permeability is relatively simpler and faster.

The bursting strength can be predicted for used parachutes, which are otherwise subjected to destructive testing.

The men using the parachutes can be assured of the superior flawless performance of the parachute as equipment and also contribute to the saving of resources due to nondestructive testing, 100% evaluation of all parachutes is possible.

This article describes the nature of the test procedure and discusses the means of introducing it to users of parachutes. It is accepted that the method must undergo field evaluation and possible modification before it can become a routine tool of parachute using organizations.

This study aims to show that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the twill angle line and its direction (twill S or Z). The quantity of the skewness is related to the float length and the twill angle in reverse, with the warp tension when changed from cotton to lycra filling yarns.

The experimental analytical method.

The most significant goals presented from this investigation are cost savings, time of production and metaphorically; new demands on denim fabric patterns presented.

Moving away from just chasing cheap, more innovative and progressive for manufacturing and end users search for denim, this paper served to shift the market share map for denim manufacturers, which is looks on nearly the most common problem facing the denim industry; skewness.

The tension variations across the width of the weaver's beam cause uneven tension in the fabric formation zone. As a result of the tension variation, the woven fabric tends to have fabric defects, such as non-uniform fabric density and differential dye take–up at various places on the fabric. As the warp ends are continuously subjected to varying tensions, warp breakage frequently occurs. As a result, the quality of the fabric produced suffers and there is reduced loom efficiency. However, uniformity in the fabric density is crucial, especially for technical and smart textiles. In this paper, the authors have attempted to model the varyingtensions across different segments of a warp sheet under a set of assumptions and derived a linear model. Furthermore, a prototype of an automatic tension control device is instrumentedwith two different positions which are located one meter apart and allows the tension variations across the warp-sheet to be practically observed. The measured average tension shows that variations in the internal tension on different segments of the warp-sheet can be minimized or even completely eliminated over time. With the implementation of a related experiment, the authors have shown the effectiveness of this automatic tension controller and its strong implications for the industry.

This experimental work demonstrates the effect of weave structure on the skewness of fabric. The work shows that the distortion of gray woven fabrics depends upon the behaviour of the floats (which is related to the factor of weave) at the state of relaxation. Nine, 50-metre rolls of woven fabrics in different weaves were produced. The fabrics were marked in a rectangular form (1.70 metres in width and one metre in length) at the weaving machine. After 24 hours of relaxation, the new shapes and sizes were recorded. The deformations of the fabrics due to the weave structures were different. The shapes of almost all of the samples were changed to Trapezium, even though they differed in size. This experimental work showed that, of the nine different weaves, the 3/3 twill weave had the highest skewness and the Zigzag twill structures the lowest, proving that the type of weave affects the deformation and, as a result, the skewness of the fabric.

Objective measurement of fabric mechanical properties has great potential for quality control of clothing materials. However, access to the requisite instruments still remains a problem for many potential users due to their high cost. A new methodology for measuring the basic low stress mechanical properties of woven fabric on a tensile tester is introduced. The results of experimental work on 39 samples are also presented. As a result, new parameters indicating the behavior of woven fabrics are introduced.

The purpose of this paper is to optimise parameters of digital image analysis to investigate the deformation behaviour of woven sample and to detect the onset and variation of wrinkling that occurs due to bias‐tensioned fabric buckling.

Using models of predescribed shape, the relationship between the digitized gray scale intensities and wrinkles of the surface are analysed and conditions of specimen illumination and filtering procedures are chosen.

It is proposed to convert acquired images to binary to record the onset of buckling and to estimate critical buckling parameters of stretched woven samples. The threshold value is determined as mean value of approximated histogram of stretched specimen centre line. It is defined that profile curve and gray scale disperse presented by parameter CV can be used to obtain additional information and to compare behaviour of different samples during bias tension.

Proposed image analysis technique allows detection of the onset of buckling wave formation and evaluation of surface waviness changes in woven samples different in colour and weave type tension. However, the behaviour of fabric samples with sharp multicoloured and complicated patterns cannot be assessed by gray scale imaging.

The proposed approach can be adjusted to investigate different wrinkling problems – buckling during simple shearing or picture frame test, seam puckering, draping.

This study aims to examine the metal pollution in coastal sediment in the Peninsular Malaysia.

Approximately 141 published studies were screened from 1,285 documents and reviewed to determine the existing pollution status in the coastal areas of Peninsular Malaysia and the metals under review were Pb, Hg, Cd, Ar, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni. Sources of pollutants and their effect on biological systems, marine organisms and human health were addressed in this review as well as recommendation of heavy metal removal or remedies in short. Emphasis is placed on marine pollution, particularly on the toxic metal accumulation in biota.

This study has revealed the different concentrations of pollutants, low, moderately, and chronically contaminated areas from heavy metals and the consequences to aquatic ecosystem and indirectly to human health, since an increasing in the coastal developments in Peninsular Malaysia.

This study has revealed the different concentrations of pollutants, low, moderately, and chronically contaminated areas from heavy metals and the consequences to aquatic ecosystem and indirectly to human health, since an increasing in the coastal developments in Peninsular Malaysia.

This study aims to propose a risk management framework for Islamic banks to address specific risks that are unique to Islamic bank settings.

A unique methodology has been developed first by exploring the dynamics and behaviors of various risks unique to Islamic banks. Second, it integrates them through a series of diagrams that show how they behave, integrate and impact risk, returns and portfolios.

This study proposes a unique risk-return relationship framework encompassing specific risks faced by Islamic banks under the ambit of portfolio theory showing how Islamic banks establish a steeper risk-return path under Shariah compliance. By doing so, this study identifies a unique “Islamic risk-return” nexus in Islamic settings as an explanation for the concern of contemporary researchers that Islamic banks are more risky than conventional banks.

The originality of this study is that it extends the scope of risk management in Islamic banks from individual contract-based to an integrated whole, identifying a unique transmission path of how risks affect portfolio diversification in Islamic banks.